A patient recently transfused with multiple ABO types may show which pattern in forward typing?

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Multiple Choice

A patient recently transfused with multiple ABO types may show which pattern in forward typing?

Forward typing detects ABO antigens on red cells by exposing patient cells to anti-A and anti-B sera. When a patient has recently been transfused with multiple ABO types, the circulating blood contains two distinct red cell populations: the patient’s own cells and donor cells with different ABO antigens. In the typing assay, these two populations react differently with the antisera, producing a mixed-field pattern where some cells agglutinate (donor cells with the matching antigen) while others do not (recipient cells lacking that antigen). This mixed-field agglutination is the telltale sign of mixed donor/error cell populations in the circulation. The other patterns don’t fit because a uniform positive reaction would mean all cells share the same antigen, no reaction would suggest absence of the antigen or a test failure, and hemolysis is not a typical pattern observed in forward typing.

Forward typing detects ABO antigens on red cells by exposing patient cells to anti-A and anti-B sera. When a patient has recently been transfused with multiple ABO types, the circulating blood contains two distinct red cell populations: the patient’s own cells and donor cells with different ABO antigens. In the typing assay, these two populations react differently with the antisera, producing a mixed-field pattern where some cells agglutinate (donor cells with the matching antigen) while others do not (recipient cells lacking that antigen). This mixed-field agglutination is the telltale sign of mixed donor/error cell populations in the circulation. The other patterns don’t fit because a uniform positive reaction would mean all cells share the same antigen, no reaction would suggest absence of the antigen or a test failure, and hemolysis is not a typical pattern observed in forward typing.

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