Mixed-field reaction antibodies are most typically demonstrated with which group?

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Mixed-field patterns appear when the antibody is directed against an antigen that isn’t present on all red cells in the test, so you see two populations of cells: some agglutinate and some do not in the same reaction. Antibodies to the Lutheran system, especially anti-Lua, behave this way because Lu antigens are variably expressed among individuals (Lu(a+) vs Lu(a−) cell populations). When serum with anti-Lua is tested against a panel containing both Lu(a+) and Lu(a−) cells, you get a mixed-field appearance. Other common antibodies like those against Kidd, Duffy, or Rh antigens generally produce uniform reactions across the panel, since those antigens are distributed more consistently among donor cells.